38 moments

1. Birth in Delaware

   1822-10-04 · Delaware, Ohio, United States

   Hayes was born in Delaware, Ohio.

2. Student at Norwalk Seminary

   1836-01-01 · Norwalk, Ohio, United States

   Hayes attended Norwalk Seminary, an early stage of his formal education. The source calls the institution Norwalk Academy; the Hayes biography identifies it as Norwalk Seminary.

3. Preparatory school in Middletown

   1837-01-01 · Middletown, Connecticut, United States

   Hayes enrolled at Isaac Webb's preparatory school in Middletown, Connecticut. The source supports fall 1837 but not a more precise date.

4. Kenyon College student

   1838-11-01 · Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, United States

   Hayes began college at Kenyon in Gambier, Ohio, where he formed important lifelong friendships and developed an interest in politics. The source gives early November, not an exact day.

5. Entered Harvard law school

   1843-08-28 · Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

   Hayes entered Dane Law School at Harvard for formal legal training.

6. Law practice in Lower Sandusky

   1845-01-01 · Fremont, Ohio, United States

   Hayes established his early legal practice in Lower Sandusky, now Fremont, Ohio. The documented residence and practice span 1845–1849; only the starting year is used in the date field.

7. Admitted to the Ohio bar

   1845-03-10 · Marietta, Ohio, United States

   Hayes was admitted to practice law in Ohio at Marietta after returning from Harvard. Admission at Marietta strongly indicates attendance there, though the sentence does not separately say 'was present.'

8. Attorney in Cincinnati

   1850-01-01 · Cincinnati, Ohio, United States

   Hayes relocated his law practice to Cincinnati, where he later served as city solicitor and built his political profile. The documented practice span is 1850–1861; only the starting year is used in the date field.

9. Republican convention delegate

   1856-01-01 · Columbus, Ohio, United States

   Hayes attended the Ohio Republican state convention in Columbus and campaigned for John C. Frémont. The source supports fall 1856 but not a more precise date.

10. Early-war service at Camp Chase

    1861-01-01 · Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, United States

    

    As a new Union officer, Hayes spent the first months of the Civil War at Camp Chase outside Columbus. The source does not give a more precise date than the first months of the war.

11. Field command in western Virginia and Shenandoah Valley

    1861-01-01 · Western Virginia, United States

    

    Hayes served as a field commander with the Twenty-Third Ohio in western Virginia and later the Shenandoah Valley, rising ultimately to brevet major general. Western Virginia is a broad documented theater; coordinates are a representative point. The source spans 1861–1865.

12. Commissioned major in the 23rd Ohio

    1861-06-27 · Columbus, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes entered Union service as a major in the Twenty-Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The commission is documented on this date; Columbus is used as a representative location because the source separately records that he spent the first months of the war at Camp Chase outside Columbus.

13. Shenandoah Valley campaign service

    1864-01-01 · Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, United States

    

    During Sheridan's 1864 campaign, Hayes and the Twenty-Third Ohio fought in multiple engagements in the Shenandoah Valley. The source identifies a campaign rather than one precise site; coordinates represent the Shenandoah Valley.

14. Took seat in the U.S. House

    1865-12-04 · United States Capitol, Washington, District of Columbia, United States

    

    Hayes began his congressional service by taking his seat in the House of Representatives.

15. Governor inaugurated in Columbus

    1868-01-13 · Ohio Statehouse, Columbus, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes was inaugurated as governor of Ohio after winning the 1867 election.

16. Republican National Convention delegate

    1872-06-01 · Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

    

    Hayes served as an Ohio delegate and platform-committee member at the Republican National Convention. The source supports June 1872 but not a specific day.

17. Settled at Spiegel Grove

    1873-05-03 · Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes moved to Fremont and settled at Spiegel Grove while announcing retirement from politics.

18. Third gubernatorial inauguration

    1876-01-10 · Ohio Statehouse, Columbus, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes was inaugurated governor of Ohio for a third time, shortly before his presidential nomination. Columbus is established by the earlier chronology entry describing his gubernatorial inauguration there and by the Ohio Statehouse's role as the gubernatorial inauguration site.

19. White House residency and presidency

    1877-01-01 · White House, Washington, District of Columbia, United States

    

    Hayes occupied the Executive Mansion during his four-year presidency. The source documents continuous occupancy from 1877 through 1881; the card is anchored to the starting year.

20. Private presidential oath

    1877-03-03 · White House, Washington, District of Columbia, United States

    

    Hayes took the presidential oath privately at the Executive Mansion before the public inauguration the following day.

21. Public inauguration as president

    1877-03-05 · United States Capitol, Washington, District of Columbia, United States

    

    Hayes publicly took office as the nineteenth president of the United States on the Capitol steps.

22. Great Western Tour speech in Burlington

    1880-09-02 · Burlington, Iowa, United States

    

    On his Great Western Tour, Hayes delivered a speech on free schools in Burlington.

23. Great Western Tour stop in Cheyenne

    1880-09-04 · Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States

    

    Hayes was in Cheyenne during his presidential western tour. The source catalogues this as a presidential-tour appearance.

24. Great Western Tour stop in Salt Lake City

    1880-09-05 · Salt Lake City, Utah, United States

    

    Hayes visited Salt Lake City while traveling west as president. The source catalogues this as a presidential-tour appearance.

25. Great Western Tour at the Palace Hotel

    1880-09-09 · Palace Hotel, San Francisco, California, United States

    

    Hayes visited San Francisco during the tour and appeared at the Palace Hotel.

26. Great Western Tour stop in San Jose

    1880-09-15 · San Jose, California, United States

    

    Hayes was in San Jose during his west-coast presidential tour. The source catalogues this as a presidential-tour appearance.

27. Great Western Tour stop in Ashland

    1880-09-27 · Ashland, Oregon, United States

    

    Hayes traveled through southern Oregon during the Great Western Tour. The source catalogues this as a presidential-tour appearance.

28. Great Western Tour in Portland

    1880-09-30 · Portland, Oregon, United States

    

    Hayes reached Portland, Oregon, during the Great Western Tour and remained into October 1. The card uses the first date of the documented two-day stay.

29. Great Western Tour stop in Walla Walla

    1880-10-05 · Walla Walla, Washington, United States

    

    Hayes visited Walla Walla in Washington Territory on the return portion of his western tour. Walla Walla was in Washington Territory in 1880.

30. Great Western Tour stop in Seattle

    1880-10-11 · Seattle, Washington, United States

    

    Hayes visited Seattle in Washington Territory during the Great Western Tour. Seattle was in Washington Territory in 1880.

31. Election-eve speech at Spiegel Grove

    1880-11-01 · Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes gave an election-eve speech at his Fremont home after completing his western tour.

32. Garfield election celebration

    1880-11-04 · Cleveland, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes attended the celebration of James A. Garfield's election in Cleveland. The source catalogues the event as a Hayes speech or message appearance.

33. Naval-review speech

    1880-11-11 · Fort Monroe, Hampton, Virginia, United States

    

    Hayes spoke at a naval review at Fort Monroe, Virginia.

34. Lafayette College dedication ceremonies

    1880-11-30 · Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, United States

    

    Hayes participated in dedication ceremonies at Lafayette College in Easton. The source catalogues the appearance among Hayes's speeches and messages.

35. New England Society appearance

    1880-12-21 · Brooklyn, New York, United States

    

    Hayes appeared before the New England Society in Brooklyn late in his presidency. The source catalogues the appearance among Hayes's speeches and messages; coordinates represent Brooklyn.

36. Returned to Spiegel Grove after presidency

    1881-03-04 · Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, United States

    

    On leaving office, Hayes returned to his Fremont estate at Spiegel Grove.

37. Visit to Bermuda

    1890-04-01 · Bermuda

    Hayes visited Bermuda with his daughter Fanny during his post-presidential years. The source supports April–May 1890; coordinates represent Bermuda generally.

38. Death at Spiegel Grove

    1893-01-17 · Spiegel Grove, Fremont, Ohio, United States

    

    Hayes died at his Fremont home, Spiegel Grove, after returning from Cleveland in failing health. The chronology identifies the year as 1893.